Soil Improvement Methods Used in the Construction Industry

 

A wide range of soil improvement methods is used in the construction industry, ranging from the installation of drainage to the construction of soil-stabilized structures. Soil stabilization is achieved through the use of various techniques, including blending two or more soils, adding chemical additives, and excavating the existing soil. The goal of soil stabilization is to increase the properties of soil and increase its response to loading. This results in stronger, more stable soils and allows for more efficient construction and reduced environmental impact.

A variety of ground improvement methods are available, but there are two primary methods for modifying soil: surcharging and overexcavation. Surcharging involves a large volume of water being placed in the ground to increase its density. The process is time-dependent and, depending on the soil type, can prolong a construction project. This method is suitable for soft clay and organic silt.

Another method of soil stabilization involves the use of ground-freezing. This technique involves constantly refrigerating the soil to reduce its permeability and increase its bearing capacity. A variety of geosynthetic materials are also used in the construction industry, which are suitable for tunneling, erosion control, water barrier, and soil reinforcement. These methods work for all kinds of soil, but are particularly beneficial to soft soil.

Injection methods are also available. Soil injection is a method for increasing the strength of soils and reducing the permeability of soils. Injection methods are sometimes accompanied by the use of electrical current or vertical drains and dewatering systems. This is an excellent method to use for large soil masses.

Compaction and densification are two other common methods of ground improvement. They can be applied on top of existing soil, or they can be used to reinforce existing structures. These methods are often expensive and are used to correct problems that arise after a construction project is completed. However, the main purpose of ground improvement is to stabilize natural features.

Injecting grout into a soil is another common method. In this method, a chemical mixture is injected into the soil, which hardens into cement. Another method involves using high-velocity jets to inject materials into the ground. The soil is then compacted and stabilized to make it stronger.

This method is very expensive and should only be used in situations where the confinement can withstand high injection pressures. Applications for grouting include controlling groundwater during construction, filling voids to prevent larger amounts of settlement, and strengthening soils for protection during excavation. It also is useful in stabilizing loose sands and stabilizing foundations.